Sources/Clones
Accurate (M-2-167, M-3-416), American Research Products (1B4, 1F6, 4G8, 8H5), Axell/Accurate (polyclonal), Biogenesis (DA2, polyclonal), Biodesign/Research Diagnostics, Biogenex (MG-1, polyclonal), Chemicon (polyclonal), Dako (polyclonal), Fitzgerald (M312211, M312212, polyclonal), Immunon (polyclonal), Seralab (polyclonal), Sigma (MG-1) and Zymed (Z001).
Fixation/Preparation
Myoglobin is resistant to formalin fixation. Immunoreactivity is not significantly enhanced by proteolytic digestion and is not responsive to HIER.
Background
Myoglobin, a 17.8 kD protein is the oxygen carrier hemoprotein, a specific marker for striated muscle cells. It is also present in cardiac muscle. The antibodies do not crossreact with hemoglobin. Crossreactivity with myoglobins of other mammalian species may occur with some antibodies.
Applications
Antimyoglobin has been used to indicate early myocardium necrosis and skeletal muscle trauma and necrosis. Myoglobin was one of the earliest markers of striated muscle differentiation but its expression appears to be linked to the differentiation of rhabdomyosarcoma cells, so that a sizable number of such tumors, particularly the poorly differentiated ones, exhibit no staining. In our experience, morphologically recognizable rhabdomyoblasts express myoglobin, whereas poorly differentiated tumors fail to stain so that this marker is not helpful when it is actually required (Leong et al, 1989; Guruchala et al, 1997). Its application as a marker of early ischemic myocardium appears to be less reliable than cytoskeletal proteins such as vinculin, desmin anda-actinin (Zhang & Riddick, 1996). Myoglobin immunostaining has been employed in the study of raggedred fiber of patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (Kunishige et al, 1996).
Staining for myoglobin can also be performed in renal biopsies of patients with myoglobin-containing casts due to conditions such as necrotizing myopathy or rhabdomyolysis (Helliwell et al, 1991).
Comments
Myoglobin is obviously not a dependable marker of striated muscle differentiation, especially in poorly differentiated rhabdomyosarcoma. Other markers such as desmin, muscle-specific actin and MyoD1 should be employed for the identification of striated muscle differentiation. The protein released from necrotic muscle may be phagocytosed by macrophages which should not be mistaken for rhabdomyoblasts.
References
•Guruchala A, Niezabitowski A, Wasilewska A et al 1997. Rhabdomyosarcoma. Morphologic, immunohistochemical and DNA study. General Diagnostic Pathology; 142: 175-184.
•Helliwell TR, Choakley JH, Walgenmakers AJ et al 1991. Necrotizing myopathy in critically-ill patients. Journal of Pathology; 164: 307-314.
•Kunishige M, Mitsui T, Akaike M et al 1996. Localisation and amount of myoglobin and myoglobin mRNA in ragged-red fiber of patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. Muscle and Nerve; 19: 175-182.
•mRNA in ragged-red fiber of patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. Muscle and Nerve; 19: 175-182.
•Leong AS-Y, Kan AE, Milios J 1989. Small round cell tumours in childhood: immunohistochemical studies in rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and lymphoblastic lymphoma. Surgical Pathology; 2: 5-17.
•Zhang JM, Riddick L 1996. Cytoskeleton immunohistochemical study of early ischemic myocardium. Forensic Science International; 80: 229-238.
Bibliografia
Manual of diagnostic antibodies for immunohistology / Anthony S.-Y. Leong, Kumarasen Cooper, F. Joel W.-M. Leong.
Accurate (M-2-167, M-3-416), American Research Products (1B4, 1F6, 4G8, 8H5), Axell/Accurate (polyclonal), Biogenesis (DA2, polyclonal), Biodesign/Research Diagnostics, Biogenex (MG-1, polyclonal), Chemicon (polyclonal), Dako (polyclonal), Fitzgerald (M312211, M312212, polyclonal), Immunon (polyclonal), Seralab (polyclonal), Sigma (MG-1) and Zymed (Z001).
Fixation/Preparation
Myoglobin is resistant to formalin fixation. Immunoreactivity is not significantly enhanced by proteolytic digestion and is not responsive to HIER.
Background
Myoglobin, a 17.8 kD protein is the oxygen carrier hemoprotein, a specific marker for striated muscle cells. It is also present in cardiac muscle. The antibodies do not crossreact with hemoglobin. Crossreactivity with myoglobins of other mammalian species may occur with some antibodies.
Applications
Antimyoglobin has been used to indicate early myocardium necrosis and skeletal muscle trauma and necrosis. Myoglobin was one of the earliest markers of striated muscle differentiation but its expression appears to be linked to the differentiation of rhabdomyosarcoma cells, so that a sizable number of such tumors, particularly the poorly differentiated ones, exhibit no staining. In our experience, morphologically recognizable rhabdomyoblasts express myoglobin, whereas poorly differentiated tumors fail to stain so that this marker is not helpful when it is actually required (Leong et al, 1989; Guruchala et al, 1997). Its application as a marker of early ischemic myocardium appears to be less reliable than cytoskeletal proteins such as vinculin, desmin anda-actinin (Zhang & Riddick, 1996). Myoglobin immunostaining has been employed in the study of raggedred fiber of patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy (Kunishige et al, 1996).
Staining for myoglobin can also be performed in renal biopsies of patients with myoglobin-containing casts due to conditions such as necrotizing myopathy or rhabdomyolysis (Helliwell et al, 1991).
Comments
Myoglobin is obviously not a dependable marker of striated muscle differentiation, especially in poorly differentiated rhabdomyosarcoma. Other markers such as desmin, muscle-specific actin and MyoD1 should be employed for the identification of striated muscle differentiation. The protein released from necrotic muscle may be phagocytosed by macrophages which should not be mistaken for rhabdomyoblasts.
References
•Guruchala A, Niezabitowski A, Wasilewska A et al 1997. Rhabdomyosarcoma. Morphologic, immunohistochemical and DNA study. General Diagnostic Pathology; 142: 175-184.
•Helliwell TR, Choakley JH, Walgenmakers AJ et al 1991. Necrotizing myopathy in critically-ill patients. Journal of Pathology; 164: 307-314.
•Kunishige M, Mitsui T, Akaike M et al 1996. Localisation and amount of myoglobin and myoglobin mRNA in ragged-red fiber of patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. Muscle and Nerve; 19: 175-182.
•mRNA in ragged-red fiber of patients with mitochondrial encephalomyopathy. Muscle and Nerve; 19: 175-182.
•Leong AS-Y, Kan AE, Milios J 1989. Small round cell tumours in childhood: immunohistochemical studies in rhabdomyosarcoma, neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, and lymphoblastic lymphoma. Surgical Pathology; 2: 5-17.
•Zhang JM, Riddick L 1996. Cytoskeleton immunohistochemical study of early ischemic myocardium. Forensic Science International; 80: 229-238.
Bibliografia
Manual of diagnostic antibodies for immunohistology / Anthony S.-Y. Leong, Kumarasen Cooper, F. Joel W.-M. Leong.
