HAM 56 (Macrophage marker)

Sources/Clones
Dako (HAM 56).

Fixation/Preparation
This antibody is applicable to both formalin-fixed paraffin sections and frozen sections. Either enzyme or microwave pretreatment is beneficial to the immunoreactivity with the HAM 56 antibody.

Background
Human alveolar macrophage-56 (IgM, k) is a monoclonal antibody developed against human alveolar macrophages (Gown et al, 1986). The antigen recognized by HAM 56 has not yet been identified. This antibody was developed specifically for the study of human atherosclerotic plaques, to identify tissue macrophages and monocyte-derived cells (Gown et al, 1986).

Applications
HAM 56 has wide immunoreactivity including tissue macrophages, germinal center macrophages, interdigitating reticulum cells, subsets of monocytes, a small population of lymphocytes and endothelial cells. Variable reactivity with a small number of B-cell lymphomas has also been reported. Recent attempts using HAM 56 to distinguish between ovarian and gastrointestinal carcinomas have proved inconclusive (Fowler et al, 1994; Cheung et al, 1997).

Comments
Apart from its initial usefulness in identifying macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques, HAM 56 has yet to establish a niche in diagnostic surgical pathology. Tissue rich in macrophages is the recommended positive control.

References
•Cheung ANY, Chiu P-M, Khoo U-S 1997. Is immunostaining with HAM 56 antibody useful in identifying ovarian origin of metastatic adenocarcinomas? Human Pathology 28:91-94.

•Fowler LJ, Maygarden SJ, Novotny DB 1994. Human alveolar macrophage-56 and carcinoembryonic antigen monoclonal antibodies in the differential diagnosis between primary ovarian and metastatic gastrointestinal carcinomas. Human Pathology 25:666-670.

•Gown AM, Tsukadat, Ross R 1986. Human atherosclerosis. II. Immunocytochemical analysis of the cellular composition of human atherosclerotic lesions. American Journal of Pathology 125:191-207.

Bibliografía
Manual of diagnostic antibodies for immunohistology / Anthony S.-Y. Leong, Kumarasen Cooper, F. Joel W.-M. Leong.