Sources/Clones
Becton Dickinson (CAM 5.2).
Fixation/Preparation
CAM 5.2 can be applied to both frozen or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Trypsin enzyme pretreatment for antigen retrieval is essential for paraffin sections.
Background
CAM 5.2 was derived from hybridization of mouse P3/NS1/1-Ag4-1 cells with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with a human colorectal carcinoma line, HT29 (Makin et al, 1984). It comprises mouse IgG2a heavy chain andk light chains from spleen parent and myeloma cell lines. The antibody CAM 5.2 detects human cytokeratin epitopes with molecular weights 52 kD and 45 kD corresponding to Moll's catalog numbers 8 and 18 respectively (Moll et al, 1982). In normal tissue CAM 5.2 reacts with secretory epithelia but not stratified squamous epithelium.
Applications
Anticytokeratin antibody CAM 5.2 is useful for the detection of adenocarcinomas, mesotheliomas and certain carcinomas derived from squamous epithelia, the latter including spindle cell carcinomas (Gatter et al, 1985; Battifora, 1988). It should, however, be noted that some squamous cell carcinomas do not stain with CAM 5.2, e.g. those in the cervix, vagina and esophagus. The ability of CAM 5.2 to detect epithelial neoplasms but not normal stratified squamous epithelium (e.g. skin) can be exploited to distinguish Paget's disease (both mammary and extramammary) from superficial spreading melanoma. CAM 5.2 is especially useful in the demonstration of subtle metastatic deposits of breast carcinoma cells in lymph nodes (Raymond & Leong, 1989) and bone marrow. It also successfully reacts with renal cell carcinomas, hepatocellular carcinomas and cholangiocarcinomas (Johnson et al, 1987). CAM 5.2 also detects neuroendocrine carcinomas (including small cell carcinoma and Merkel cell carcinomas), germ cell tumors (with the exception of seminoma), synovial and epithelioid sarcomas (Leader et al, 1986). This antibody is also useful for the detection of epithelial cells in thymomas, particularly when masked by lymphocytes. It is reputed not to label melanomas (except in cryostat sections), (Leader et al, 1986). Non-epithelial tissues which react with anticytokeratin CAM 5.2 include smooth muscle, rare sarcomas of breast (Pitts et al, 1987), meningiomas (hyaline bodies or malignant variants) (Theaker et al, 1986) and rosettes of neuroblastomas. B-cell anaplastic large cell lymphoma, confirmed by immunohistochemistry and immunoglobulin gene rearrangements, has been shown to be immunoreactive with CAM 5.2 (Frierson et al, 1994).
It should also be noted that large-cell lymphoma of B-cell lineage (verified with PCR) has been shown to be rarely reactive for cytokeratin 8 (Lasota et al, 1996)
Comments
Although CAM 5.2 has a narrow range of cytokeratin immunodetection in surgical pathology, it has proved useful as a second-line marker in specific circumstances such as the identification of spindle cell carcinoma of the skin, subtle metastatic deposits of carcinoma in lymph nodes and to distinguish Paget's disease from superficial spreading melanoma. It also shows strong staining reaction with-neuroendocrine carcinomas.
References
•Battifora H 1988. Diagnostic uses of antibodies to keratins: a review and immunohistochemical comparison of seven monoclonal and three polyclonal antibodies. In: Fenoglio-Preiser, CM, Wolff M, Rilke F (eds) Progress in surgical pathology, (vol VIII. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp 10-15.
•Frierson HF Jr, Bellafiore FJ, Gaffey MJ, McCary WS, Innes DJ Jr, Williams ME 1994. Cytokeratin in anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Modern Pathology 7: 317-321.
•Gatter KC, Ralfkiaer E, Skinner J et al 1985. An immunohistochemical study of metaplastic carcinomas and sarcomas of the breast. Journal of Clinical Pathology 38: 1353-1357.
•Johnson DE, Warnke R, Herndier B, Rouse R 1987. An immunohistochemical study of the cytokeratin profiles of hepatocellular carcinomas and cholangiocarcinomas. Laboratory Investigation 56: 34A.
•Lasota J, Hyjek E, Koo CH, Blonski J, Miettinen M 1996. Cytokeratin-positive large-cell lymphomas of B-cell lineage. American Journal of Surgical Pathology 20: 346-354.
•Leader M, Patel J, Makin C, Henry K 1986. An analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of the cytokeratin (CAM 5.2) for epithelial tumours. Results of a study of 203 sarcomas, 50 carcinomas and 28 malignant melanomas. Histopathology 10: 1315-1324.
•Makin CA, Bobrow LG, Bodmer WF 1984. Monoclonal antibody to cytokeratin for use in routine histopathology. Journal of Clinical Pathology 37: 975-983.
•Moll R, Franke WW, Schiller DL, Geiger B, Krepler R 1982. The catalog of human cytokeratins: patterns of expression in normal epithelia, tumors and cultured cells. Cell 31: 11-24.
•Pitts MD, Rojas BS, Rouse RV, Kempson RL 1987. An immunohistochemical study of metaplastic carcinomas and sarcomas of the breast. Laboratory Investigation 56:61A.
•Raymond WA, Leong AS-Y 1989 Immunoperoxidase staining in the detection of lymph node metastases in stage 1 breast cancer. Pathology 21: 11-15.
•Theaker JM, Gatter KC, Esiri MM et al 1986. Epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratin expression by meningiomas: an immunohistological study. Journal of Clinical Pathology 39: 435-439.
Bibliografía
Manual of diagnostic antibodies for immunohistology / Anthony S.-Y. Leong, Kumarasen Cooper, F. Joel W.-M. Leong.
Becton Dickinson (CAM 5.2).
Fixation/Preparation
CAM 5.2 can be applied to both frozen or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Trypsin enzyme pretreatment for antigen retrieval is essential for paraffin sections.
Background
CAM 5.2 was derived from hybridization of mouse P3/NS1/1-Ag4-1 cells with spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with a human colorectal carcinoma line, HT29 (Makin et al, 1984). It comprises mouse IgG2a heavy chain andk light chains from spleen parent and myeloma cell lines. The antibody CAM 5.2 detects human cytokeratin epitopes with molecular weights 52 kD and 45 kD corresponding to Moll's catalog numbers 8 and 18 respectively (Moll et al, 1982). In normal tissue CAM 5.2 reacts with secretory epithelia but not stratified squamous epithelium.
Applications
Anticytokeratin antibody CAM 5.2 is useful for the detection of adenocarcinomas, mesotheliomas and certain carcinomas derived from squamous epithelia, the latter including spindle cell carcinomas (Gatter et al, 1985; Battifora, 1988). It should, however, be noted that some squamous cell carcinomas do not stain with CAM 5.2, e.g. those in the cervix, vagina and esophagus. The ability of CAM 5.2 to detect epithelial neoplasms but not normal stratified squamous epithelium (e.g. skin) can be exploited to distinguish Paget's disease (both mammary and extramammary) from superficial spreading melanoma. CAM 5.2 is especially useful in the demonstration of subtle metastatic deposits of breast carcinoma cells in lymph nodes (Raymond & Leong, 1989) and bone marrow. It also successfully reacts with renal cell carcinomas, hepatocellular carcinomas and cholangiocarcinomas (Johnson et al, 1987). CAM 5.2 also detects neuroendocrine carcinomas (including small cell carcinoma and Merkel cell carcinomas), germ cell tumors (with the exception of seminoma), synovial and epithelioid sarcomas (Leader et al, 1986). This antibody is also useful for the detection of epithelial cells in thymomas, particularly when masked by lymphocytes. It is reputed not to label melanomas (except in cryostat sections), (Leader et al, 1986). Non-epithelial tissues which react with anticytokeratin CAM 5.2 include smooth muscle, rare sarcomas of breast (Pitts et al, 1987), meningiomas (hyaline bodies or malignant variants) (Theaker et al, 1986) and rosettes of neuroblastomas. B-cell anaplastic large cell lymphoma, confirmed by immunohistochemistry and immunoglobulin gene rearrangements, has been shown to be immunoreactive with CAM 5.2 (Frierson et al, 1994).
It should also be noted that large-cell lymphoma of B-cell lineage (verified with PCR) has been shown to be rarely reactive for cytokeratin 8 (Lasota et al, 1996)
Comments
Although CAM 5.2 has a narrow range of cytokeratin immunodetection in surgical pathology, it has proved useful as a second-line marker in specific circumstances such as the identification of spindle cell carcinoma of the skin, subtle metastatic deposits of carcinoma in lymph nodes and to distinguish Paget's disease from superficial spreading melanoma. It also shows strong staining reaction with-neuroendocrine carcinomas.
References
•Battifora H 1988. Diagnostic uses of antibodies to keratins: a review and immunohistochemical comparison of seven monoclonal and three polyclonal antibodies. In: Fenoglio-Preiser, CM, Wolff M, Rilke F (eds) Progress in surgical pathology, (vol VIII. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, pp 10-15.
•Frierson HF Jr, Bellafiore FJ, Gaffey MJ, McCary WS, Innes DJ Jr, Williams ME 1994. Cytokeratin in anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Modern Pathology 7: 317-321.
•Gatter KC, Ralfkiaer E, Skinner J et al 1985. An immunohistochemical study of metaplastic carcinomas and sarcomas of the breast. Journal of Clinical Pathology 38: 1353-1357.
•Johnson DE, Warnke R, Herndier B, Rouse R 1987. An immunohistochemical study of the cytokeratin profiles of hepatocellular carcinomas and cholangiocarcinomas. Laboratory Investigation 56: 34A.
•Lasota J, Hyjek E, Koo CH, Blonski J, Miettinen M 1996. Cytokeratin-positive large-cell lymphomas of B-cell lineage. American Journal of Surgical Pathology 20: 346-354.
•Leader M, Patel J, Makin C, Henry K 1986. An analysis of the sensitivity and specificity of the cytokeratin (CAM 5.2) for epithelial tumours. Results of a study of 203 sarcomas, 50 carcinomas and 28 malignant melanomas. Histopathology 10: 1315-1324.
•Makin CA, Bobrow LG, Bodmer WF 1984. Monoclonal antibody to cytokeratin for use in routine histopathology. Journal of Clinical Pathology 37: 975-983.
•Moll R, Franke WW, Schiller DL, Geiger B, Krepler R 1982. The catalog of human cytokeratins: patterns of expression in normal epithelia, tumors and cultured cells. Cell 31: 11-24.
•Pitts MD, Rojas BS, Rouse RV, Kempson RL 1987. An immunohistochemical study of metaplastic carcinomas and sarcomas of the breast. Laboratory Investigation 56:61A.
•Raymond WA, Leong AS-Y 1989 Immunoperoxidase staining in the detection of lymph node metastases in stage 1 breast cancer. Pathology 21: 11-15.
•Theaker JM, Gatter KC, Esiri MM et al 1986. Epithelial membrane antigen and cytokeratin expression by meningiomas: an immunohistological study. Journal of Clinical Pathology 39: 435-439.
Bibliografía
Manual of diagnostic antibodies for immunohistology / Anthony S.-Y. Leong, Kumarasen Cooper, F. Joel W.-M. Leong.
