Sources/Clones
Accurate (5HTH209, YC5/45, polyclonal), Axcel/Accurate (5HTH209), American Qualex (polyclonal), Biodesign (polyclonal), Biogenesis (polyclonal), Biogenex (polyclonal), Caltag Laboratories (polyclonal), Chemicon (polyclonal), Dako (5HT-H209), Fitzgerald (M09203), Immunotech (polyclonal), Pharmingen (YC5-45), Sanbio/Monosan (polyclonal), Serotec (polyclonal), Seralab (polyclonal) and Zymed (polyclonal).
Fixation/Preparation
The antibodies to serotonin are immunoreactive in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. HIER enhances immunoreactivity.
Background
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a neurotransmitter substance which is found in a broad range of normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, adrenergic nerve fibers, platelets and basophils. The major use of this marker has been to identify serotonin-secreting carcinoid tumors, which mostly arise from the midgut (Westberg et al, 1997).
Applications
Immunostaining for serotonin has been employed as a marker of neuroendocrine differentiation. However, like other specific neuropeptides such as bombesin, ACTH, calcitonin and VIP, it is of low sensitivity and specificity and should only be employed in a panel of several antibodies with more specific markers such as chromogranin and synaptophysin. The major application of serotonin lies in the detection of carcinoid tumors (Zavala-Pompa et al, 1993; Zea-Iriarte et al, 1994; Burke et al, 1997), particularly as such tumors may respond to specific therapy with the somatostatin analog octreotide and a-interferons (Wilander et al, 1989; Westberg et al, 1997). Serotonin may also be detected in scattered cells within other neuroendocrine tumors from a variety of sites (Le Bodie et al, 1996; Gilks et al, 1997; LaGuette et al, 1997; Linberg et al, 1997). Whereas all tumors of the lung with dense core granules contained neuron-specific enolase, fewer contained serotonin (Wilson et al, 1985). In another study of 53 carcinoid tumors, 34 were argentaffin positive, 50 were argyrophil positive and 43 contained immunologically detectable serotonin (Shaw, 1988).
Comments
Serotonin has limited application as a marker of neuroendocrine differentiation. If used for this purpose, it should be employed with a panel of more specific and sensitive antibodies such as chromogranin and synaptophysin. Its main application today would be in a secondary panel to identify the specific neuropeptides produced in an established neuroendocrine tumor.
References
•Burke AP, Thomas RM, Elsayed AM, Sobin LH 1997. Carcinoids of the jejunum and ileum: an immunohistochemical and clinicopathologic study of 167 cases. Cancer 79: 1086-1093.
•Gilks CB, Young RH, Gersell DJ, Clement PB 1997. Large cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix: a clinicopathologic study of 12 cases. American Journal of Surgical Pathology 21: 905-914.
•LaGuette J, Matias-Guiu X, Rosai J 1997. Thyroid paraganglioma: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of three cases. American Journal of Surgical Pathology 21: 748-753. immunohistochemical study of three cases. American Journal of Surgical Pathology 21: 748-753.
•Le Bodie MF, Heymann MF, Lecomte M et al 1996. Immunohistochemical study of 100 pancreatic tumors in 28 patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia, type I. American Journal of Surgical Pathology 20: 1378-1384.
•Linberg GM, Molberg KH, Vuitch MF, Albores-Saavedra J 1997. Atypical carcinoid of the esophagus: a case report and review of the literature. Cancer 79: 1476-1481.
•Shaw PA 1988. Comparison of immunological detection of 5-hydroxytryptamine by monoclonal antibodies with standard silver stains as an aid to diagnosing carcinoid tumours. Journal of Clinical Pathology 41: 265-272.
•Westberg G, Ahlman H, Nilsson O et al 1997. Secretory patterns of tryptophan metabolites in midgut carcinoid tumor cells. Neurochemistry Research 22: 977-983.
•Wilander E, Lundqvist M, Oberg K 1989. Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumours. Histogenetic, histochemical, immunohistochemical, clinical and therapeutic aspects. Progress in Histochemistry and Cytochemistry 19: 1-18.
•Wilson TS, McDowell EM, Marangos PJ, Trump BF 1985. Histochemical studies of dense-core granulated tumors of the lung. Neuronspecific enolase as a marker for granulated cells. Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 109: 613-620.
•Zavala-Pompa A, Ro JY, El-Naggar A et al 1993. Primary carcinoid tumor of testis. Immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and DNA flow cytometric study of three cases with a review of the literature. Cancer 72: 1726-1732.
•Zea-Iriarte WL, Ito M, Naito S et al 1994. Goblet cell carcinoid of the appendix. Internal Medicine 33: 422-426.
Bibliografia
Manual of diagnostic antibodies for immunohistology / Anthony S.-Y. Leong, Kumarasen Cooper, F. Joel W.-M. Leong.
Accurate (5HTH209, YC5/45, polyclonal), Axcel/Accurate (5HTH209), American Qualex (polyclonal), Biodesign (polyclonal), Biogenesis (polyclonal), Biogenex (polyclonal), Caltag Laboratories (polyclonal), Chemicon (polyclonal), Dako (5HT-H209), Fitzgerald (M09203), Immunotech (polyclonal), Pharmingen (YC5-45), Sanbio/Monosan (polyclonal), Serotec (polyclonal), Seralab (polyclonal) and Zymed (polyclonal).
Fixation/Preparation
The antibodies to serotonin are immunoreactive in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. HIER enhances immunoreactivity.
Background
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) is a neurotransmitter substance which is found in a broad range of normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic tissues, including the gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, adrenergic nerve fibers, platelets and basophils. The major use of this marker has been to identify serotonin-secreting carcinoid tumors, which mostly arise from the midgut (Westberg et al, 1997).
Applications
Immunostaining for serotonin has been employed as a marker of neuroendocrine differentiation. However, like other specific neuropeptides such as bombesin, ACTH, calcitonin and VIP, it is of low sensitivity and specificity and should only be employed in a panel of several antibodies with more specific markers such as chromogranin and synaptophysin. The major application of serotonin lies in the detection of carcinoid tumors (Zavala-Pompa et al, 1993; Zea-Iriarte et al, 1994; Burke et al, 1997), particularly as such tumors may respond to specific therapy with the somatostatin analog octreotide and a-interferons (Wilander et al, 1989; Westberg et al, 1997). Serotonin may also be detected in scattered cells within other neuroendocrine tumors from a variety of sites (Le Bodie et al, 1996; Gilks et al, 1997; LaGuette et al, 1997; Linberg et al, 1997). Whereas all tumors of the lung with dense core granules contained neuron-specific enolase, fewer contained serotonin (Wilson et al, 1985). In another study of 53 carcinoid tumors, 34 were argentaffin positive, 50 were argyrophil positive and 43 contained immunologically detectable serotonin (Shaw, 1988).
Comments
Serotonin has limited application as a marker of neuroendocrine differentiation. If used for this purpose, it should be employed with a panel of more specific and sensitive antibodies such as chromogranin and synaptophysin. Its main application today would be in a secondary panel to identify the specific neuropeptides produced in an established neuroendocrine tumor.
References
•Burke AP, Thomas RM, Elsayed AM, Sobin LH 1997. Carcinoids of the jejunum and ileum: an immunohistochemical and clinicopathologic study of 167 cases. Cancer 79: 1086-1093.
•Gilks CB, Young RH, Gersell DJ, Clement PB 1997. Large cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix: a clinicopathologic study of 12 cases. American Journal of Surgical Pathology 21: 905-914.
•LaGuette J, Matias-Guiu X, Rosai J 1997. Thyroid paraganglioma: a clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical study of three cases. American Journal of Surgical Pathology 21: 748-753. immunohistochemical study of three cases. American Journal of Surgical Pathology 21: 748-753.
•Le Bodie MF, Heymann MF, Lecomte M et al 1996. Immunohistochemical study of 100 pancreatic tumors in 28 patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia, type I. American Journal of Surgical Pathology 20: 1378-1384.
•Linberg GM, Molberg KH, Vuitch MF, Albores-Saavedra J 1997. Atypical carcinoid of the esophagus: a case report and review of the literature. Cancer 79: 1476-1481.
•Shaw PA 1988. Comparison of immunological detection of 5-hydroxytryptamine by monoclonal antibodies with standard silver stains as an aid to diagnosing carcinoid tumours. Journal of Clinical Pathology 41: 265-272.
•Westberg G, Ahlman H, Nilsson O et al 1997. Secretory patterns of tryptophan metabolites in midgut carcinoid tumor cells. Neurochemistry Research 22: 977-983.
•Wilander E, Lundqvist M, Oberg K 1989. Gastrointestinal carcinoid tumours. Histogenetic, histochemical, immunohistochemical, clinical and therapeutic aspects. Progress in Histochemistry and Cytochemistry 19: 1-18.
•Wilson TS, McDowell EM, Marangos PJ, Trump BF 1985. Histochemical studies of dense-core granulated tumors of the lung. Neuronspecific enolase as a marker for granulated cells. Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine 109: 613-620.
•Zavala-Pompa A, Ro JY, El-Naggar A et al 1993. Primary carcinoid tumor of testis. Immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and DNA flow cytometric study of three cases with a review of the literature. Cancer 72: 1726-1732.
•Zea-Iriarte WL, Ito M, Naito S et al 1994. Goblet cell carcinoid of the appendix. Internal Medicine 33: 422-426.
Bibliografia
Manual of diagnostic antibodies for immunohistology / Anthony S.-Y. Leong, Kumarasen Cooper, F. Joel W.-M. Leong.
