Sources/Clones
Accurate (HYB-3R7), Biodesign, Biogenesis (RAB50), Chemicon International (C4-62-15-2) and Research Diagnostics (RV7C5).
Fixation/Preparation
Antirabies monoclonal antibody may be applied to acetone-fixed samples. It is also potentially applicable to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections, although optimization will be necessary with some form of antigen retrieval.
Background
Rabies is a rod- or bullet-shaped virus with a single-stranded RNA genome and belongs to the family Rhabdoviridae. It is a highly fatal disease of humans and warm-blooded vertebrates, usually transmitted via infected saliva following the bite of a diseased animal, most commonly dogs. Virus introduced into the bite wound enters the peripheral nerves and following an incubation of weeks to months, spreads to the spinal cord and brain. It produces a neurological derangement, lasting a few days to weeks and resulting in death.
Antibody C4-62-15-2 to rabies virus is specific to the N-nucleoprotein. It enjoys a wide range of species reactivity and includes mouse, raccoon, skunk, dog/coyote and bats (Smith, 1989).
Applications
During prolonged incubation periods, the sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia may be the site of viral sequestration. Efferent spread of virus in the nervous system may extend terminally to the eye and nerve fibers surrounding hair follicles. Hence, demonstration of antigen in corneal impression smears or skin biopsies may be used for confirmation of diagnosis in a live patient. Unless the diagnosis is confirmed during life, an autopsy must be performed with 10-203 mm blocks of cerebrum, cerebellum, hippocampus, medulla, thalamus and brain stem being taken in duplicate: 50% glycerol-saline for virological examination and 10% buffered formalin for immunohistological examination.
Comments
Antibody to rabies is useful in locating the Negri bodies in sections of brain. In one study of naturally infected domestic and wild animals, rabies antigen was detected in 62% of the brain areas in which inclusion bodies were not found (Palmer et al, 1985). The antigen is not limited to the Negri bodies but also traceable in the cytoplasm (Feiden et al, 1985; Sinchaisri et al, 1992).
References
•Feiden W, Feiden U, Gerhard L et al 1985. Rabies encephalitis: immunohistochemical investigations. Clinical Neuropathology; 4: 156-164.
•Palmer DG, Ossent P, Suter MM, Ferrari E 1985. Demonstration of rabies viral antigen in paraffin tissue sections: comparison of the immunofluorescence technique with the unlabeled antibody enzyme method. American Journal of Veterinary Research 1985; 46: 283-286.
•Sinchaisri TA, Nagata T, Yoshikawa Y et al 1992. Immunohistochemical and histopathological study of experimental rabies infection in mice. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science; 54: 409-416.
•Smith JS 1989. Rabies virus epitopic variation: use in ecologic studies. Advances in Virus Research 36:215-253. 36:215-253.
Bibliografia
Manual of diagnostic antibodies for immunohistology / Anthony S.-Y. Leong, Kumarasen Cooper, F. Joel W.-M. Leong.
Accurate (HYB-3R7), Biodesign, Biogenesis (RAB50), Chemicon International (C4-62-15-2) and Research Diagnostics (RV7C5).
Fixation/Preparation
Antirabies monoclonal antibody may be applied to acetone-fixed samples. It is also potentially applicable to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections, although optimization will be necessary with some form of antigen retrieval.
Background
Rabies is a rod- or bullet-shaped virus with a single-stranded RNA genome and belongs to the family Rhabdoviridae. It is a highly fatal disease of humans and warm-blooded vertebrates, usually transmitted via infected saliva following the bite of a diseased animal, most commonly dogs. Virus introduced into the bite wound enters the peripheral nerves and following an incubation of weeks to months, spreads to the spinal cord and brain. It produces a neurological derangement, lasting a few days to weeks and resulting in death.
Antibody C4-62-15-2 to rabies virus is specific to the N-nucleoprotein. It enjoys a wide range of species reactivity and includes mouse, raccoon, skunk, dog/coyote and bats (Smith, 1989).
Applications
During prolonged incubation periods, the sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia may be the site of viral sequestration. Efferent spread of virus in the nervous system may extend terminally to the eye and nerve fibers surrounding hair follicles. Hence, demonstration of antigen in corneal impression smears or skin biopsies may be used for confirmation of diagnosis in a live patient. Unless the diagnosis is confirmed during life, an autopsy must be performed with 10-203 mm blocks of cerebrum, cerebellum, hippocampus, medulla, thalamus and brain stem being taken in duplicate: 50% glycerol-saline for virological examination and 10% buffered formalin for immunohistological examination.
Comments
Antibody to rabies is useful in locating the Negri bodies in sections of brain. In one study of naturally infected domestic and wild animals, rabies antigen was detected in 62% of the brain areas in which inclusion bodies were not found (Palmer et al, 1985). The antigen is not limited to the Negri bodies but also traceable in the cytoplasm (Feiden et al, 1985; Sinchaisri et al, 1992).
References
•Feiden W, Feiden U, Gerhard L et al 1985. Rabies encephalitis: immunohistochemical investigations. Clinical Neuropathology; 4: 156-164.
•Palmer DG, Ossent P, Suter MM, Ferrari E 1985. Demonstration of rabies viral antigen in paraffin tissue sections: comparison of the immunofluorescence technique with the unlabeled antibody enzyme method. American Journal of Veterinary Research 1985; 46: 283-286.
•Sinchaisri TA, Nagata T, Yoshikawa Y et al 1992. Immunohistochemical and histopathological study of experimental rabies infection in mice. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science; 54: 409-416.
•Smith JS 1989. Rabies virus epitopic variation: use in ecologic studies. Advances in Virus Research 36:215-253. 36:215-253.
Bibliografia
Manual of diagnostic antibodies for immunohistology / Anthony S.-Y. Leong, Kumarasen Cooper, F. Joel W.-M. Leong.
