Sources/Clones
Axcel/Accurate (polyclonal), Biodesign (polyclonal), Biogenesis (6C6/8, polyclonal), Biogenex (polyclonal), Biomedia (polyclonal), Calbiochem (polyclonal), Chemicon (polyclonal), Dako (polyclonal), Diagnostic Biosystems (polyclonal), Fitzgerald (polyclonal), Milab (polyclonal), and Zymed (polyclonal).
Fixation/Preparation
Lysozyme (muramidase) is resistant to fixation and immunoreactivity is enhanced following proteolytic digestion and HIER. The antibodies are immunoreactive in frozen sections and cytological preparations.
Background
Lysozyme (muramidase) is a 14.5 kD strongly basic protein which is a mucolytic enzyme found in saliva, gastrointestinal secretions, tears, urine and serum. Lysozyme has been localized in granulocytes, histiocytes and some epithelial cells. The protein has been localized ultrastructurally in the secretory granules of Paneth cells and the brush border of granular mucus cells of the small intestine. It has also been localized to the granules of alveolar type II pneumocytes and the lysosomal granules of multinucleated histiocytes. In the lymph node, lysozyme is found in the tingible body macrophages of the germinal centers and in macrophages scattered in the paracortex. Dendritic reticulum cells, interdigitating reticulum cells, lymphocytes and plasma cells generally lack lysozyme. Sinus macrophages may show stainable lysozyme.
Applications
Lysozyme has been employed as a marker of histiocytes/macrophages and of myeloid differentiation. It is a useful marker in both paraffin-embedded trephine biopsies and bone marrow clot preparations allowing distinction of acute myeloid leukemia from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Davey et al, 1990; Horny et al, 1994), as well as in the identification of extramedullary myeloid cell tumors (Traweek et al, 1993). The combination of myeloperoxidase and lysozyme was found to be a reliable marker of myeloid lineage (Quintanilla-Martinez et al, 1995).
Lysozyme has been described in Langerhans histiocytosis (Thompson et al, 1996), follicular dendritic cell tumors (Masunaga et al, 1997), granular cell tumors, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and various alleged histiocytic tumors.
Lysozyme combined with GCDFP-15 had great specificity for apocrine differentiation in adnexal tumors of the skin whereas eccrine tumors stained only for GCDFP-15 (Ansai et al, 1995; Meyhehm & Fischer, 1997) (Appendix 1.19).
Comments
While a useful marker of lysosomal inclusions in a variety of cell types including histiocytes/monocytes, this protein is not specific and must be employed in a panel which includes other histiocytic markers.
References
•Ansai S, Koseki S, Hozumi Y, Kondo S 1995. An immunohistochemical study of lysozyme, CD15, (LeuM1), and gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 in various skin tumors.
•Assessment of the specificity and sensitivity of markers of apocrine differentiation. American Journal of Dermatopathology 17:249-255. 17:249-255.
•Davey FR, Elghetany MT, Kurec AS 1990. Immunophenotyping of hematologic neoplasms in paraffin-embedded tissue sections.
•American Journal of Clinical Pathology 93:S17-S26.
•Horny HP, Wehrmann M, Steinke B, Kaiserling E 1994. Assessment of the value of immunohistochemistry in the subtyping of acute leukemia on routinely processed bone marrow biopsy specimens with particular reference to macrophage-associated antibodies. Human Pathology 25:810-814.
•Masunaga A, Nakamura H, Katata T et al 1997. Follicular dendritic cell tumor with histiocytic characteristics and fibroblastic antigen. Pathology International 47:707-712.
•Meyhehm M, Fischer HP 1997. Spiradenoma and dermal cylindroma: comparative immunohistochemical analysis and histogenetic considerations. American Journal of Dermatopathology 19:154-161.
•Quintanilla-Martinez L, Zukerberg LR, Ferry JA, Harris NL 1995. Extramedullary tumors of lymphoid or myeloid blasts. The role of immunohistology in diagnosis and classification. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 104:431-443.
•Thompson LD, Wenig BM, Adair CF et al 1996. Langhans cell histiocytosis of the thyroid: a series of seven cases and a review of the literature. Modern Pathology 9: 145-149.
•Traweek ST, Arber DA, Rapapport H, Brynes RK 1993. Extramedullary myeloid cell tumors. An immunohistochemical and morphologic study of 28 cases. American Journal of Surgical Pathology 17:1011-1019.
Bibliografia
Manual of diagnostic antibodies for immunohistology / Anthony S.-Y. Leong, Kumarasen Cooper, F. Joel W.-M. Leong.
Axcel/Accurate (polyclonal), Biodesign (polyclonal), Biogenesis (6C6/8, polyclonal), Biogenex (polyclonal), Biomedia (polyclonal), Calbiochem (polyclonal), Chemicon (polyclonal), Dako (polyclonal), Diagnostic Biosystems (polyclonal), Fitzgerald (polyclonal), Milab (polyclonal), and Zymed (polyclonal).
Fixation/Preparation
Lysozyme (muramidase) is resistant to fixation and immunoreactivity is enhanced following proteolytic digestion and HIER. The antibodies are immunoreactive in frozen sections and cytological preparations.
Background
Lysozyme (muramidase) is a 14.5 kD strongly basic protein which is a mucolytic enzyme found in saliva, gastrointestinal secretions, tears, urine and serum. Lysozyme has been localized in granulocytes, histiocytes and some epithelial cells. The protein has been localized ultrastructurally in the secretory granules of Paneth cells and the brush border of granular mucus cells of the small intestine. It has also been localized to the granules of alveolar type II pneumocytes and the lysosomal granules of multinucleated histiocytes. In the lymph node, lysozyme is found in the tingible body macrophages of the germinal centers and in macrophages scattered in the paracortex. Dendritic reticulum cells, interdigitating reticulum cells, lymphocytes and plasma cells generally lack lysozyme. Sinus macrophages may show stainable lysozyme.
Applications
Lysozyme has been employed as a marker of histiocytes/macrophages and of myeloid differentiation. It is a useful marker in both paraffin-embedded trephine biopsies and bone marrow clot preparations allowing distinction of acute myeloid leukemia from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Davey et al, 1990; Horny et al, 1994), as well as in the identification of extramedullary myeloid cell tumors (Traweek et al, 1993). The combination of myeloperoxidase and lysozyme was found to be a reliable marker of myeloid lineage (Quintanilla-Martinez et al, 1995).
Lysozyme has been described in Langerhans histiocytosis (Thompson et al, 1996), follicular dendritic cell tumors (Masunaga et al, 1997), granular cell tumors, malignant fibrous histiocytoma and various alleged histiocytic tumors.
Lysozyme combined with GCDFP-15 had great specificity for apocrine differentiation in adnexal tumors of the skin whereas eccrine tumors stained only for GCDFP-15 (Ansai et al, 1995; Meyhehm & Fischer, 1997) (Appendix 1.19).
Comments
While a useful marker of lysosomal inclusions in a variety of cell types including histiocytes/monocytes, this protein is not specific and must be employed in a panel which includes other histiocytic markers.
References
•Ansai S, Koseki S, Hozumi Y, Kondo S 1995. An immunohistochemical study of lysozyme, CD15, (LeuM1), and gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 in various skin tumors.
•Assessment of the specificity and sensitivity of markers of apocrine differentiation. American Journal of Dermatopathology 17:249-255. 17:249-255.
•Davey FR, Elghetany MT, Kurec AS 1990. Immunophenotyping of hematologic neoplasms in paraffin-embedded tissue sections.
•American Journal of Clinical Pathology 93:S17-S26.
•Horny HP, Wehrmann M, Steinke B, Kaiserling E 1994. Assessment of the value of immunohistochemistry in the subtyping of acute leukemia on routinely processed bone marrow biopsy specimens with particular reference to macrophage-associated antibodies. Human Pathology 25:810-814.
•Masunaga A, Nakamura H, Katata T et al 1997. Follicular dendritic cell tumor with histiocytic characteristics and fibroblastic antigen. Pathology International 47:707-712.
•Meyhehm M, Fischer HP 1997. Spiradenoma and dermal cylindroma: comparative immunohistochemical analysis and histogenetic considerations. American Journal of Dermatopathology 19:154-161.
•Quintanilla-Martinez L, Zukerberg LR, Ferry JA, Harris NL 1995. Extramedullary tumors of lymphoid or myeloid blasts. The role of immunohistology in diagnosis and classification. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 104:431-443.
•Thompson LD, Wenig BM, Adair CF et al 1996. Langhans cell histiocytosis of the thyroid: a series of seven cases and a review of the literature. Modern Pathology 9: 145-149.
•Traweek ST, Arber DA, Rapapport H, Brynes RK 1993. Extramedullary myeloid cell tumors. An immunohistochemical and morphologic study of 28 cases. American Journal of Surgical Pathology 17:1011-1019.
Bibliografia
Manual of diagnostic antibodies for immunohistology / Anthony S.-Y. Leong, Kumarasen Cooper, F. Joel W.-M. Leong.
