Sources/Clones
Accurate (polyclonal), American Research Products (1535-18, 1501-17, 1502-17, 1505-17), Biodesign, Biogenesis (H11B, 16L1, C1P5), Biogenex (CHO613), Cymbus Bioscience (BF7), Cymbus Bioscience/Pharmingen (CAM-VIR1), Dako (polyclonal to HPV 1), Novocastra (4C4/F10/H7/83, 5A3/C8) and Pharmingen (7H7, TVG401, TVG402)
Fixation/Preparation
Antibodies to HPV are applicable to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues and frozen cryostat sections.
Background
The most extensively studied area of HPV infection has been in epithelia of the anogenital tract, particularly the uterine cervix. Over 25 HPV genotypes have been isolated to date from the female genital tract. HPV genotypes have enabled specific types to be correlated with morphological lesions, e.g. HPV 6/11 is commonly associated with condylomata whilst HPV 16/18 are frequently associated with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (for review, see Cooper & McGee, 1997). It has recently been demonstrated that over 90% of cervical squamous cell carcinomas harbor a high-risk HPV (Bosch et al, 1995), the genome of which is usually integrated into the host DNA. Hence, in conjunction with epidemiological data showing that HPV infection and cervical squamous cell carcinoma share several risk factors, the association between high-risk HPV and cervical cancer is now firmly established. Although only a small proportion of high-grade CIN progress to invasive carcinoma, it is thought that HPV detection may assist in predicting the invasive potential of high grade CIN.
Applications
The detection of HPV in clinical samples depends on the demonstration of viral components within cells and tissues. This entails the detection of either protein or nucleic acid. Viral proteins may be visualized with immunohistochemical techniques using either polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies (Graham et al, 1991). Antibodies directed to viral proteins are dependent on the expression/synthesis of the latter by the virus, which is dependent on transcription/translation of the viral genome within the nucleus. Polyclonal antibodies raised to bovine papillomavirus capsid protein are applicable to HPV types in human biopsy specimens as they crossreact with several human subtypes (Jenkins et al, 1986). The synthesis of bacterial fusion proteins used as immunogens in mice has led to the generation of monoclonal antibodies to specific viral proteins to achieve viral specificity (Patel et al, 1989). The use of the HPV 16 L1 (capsid) protein has led to the production of several antibodies of varying specificity. The immunoreactivity of antibodies to HPV capsid protein is dependent on active viral replication which is closely correlated with keratin production. This therefore produces an intranuclear signal in the upper third of the squamous epithelia harboring the virus. Apart from the cervix, the use of antibodies to HPV is applicable to the vulva, penis, anus, oral cavity, larynx and esophagus.
Comments
With the advent of advanced in situ hybridization technology for the detection of HPV DNA, the demand for HPV immunohistochemistry has fallen. Non-isotope in situ hybridization techniques are easily accessible and readily applicable to the routine diagnostic histopathology laboratory. Squamous epithelia showing the typical morphological features of HPV infection are recommended for use as positive controls. Staining should be mainly intranuclear, with some perinuclear staining of koilocytes.
References
•Bosch FX, Manos MM, Munoz N et al 1995. Prevalence of HPV in cervical cancer: a worldwide perspective. Journal of the National Cancer Institutes 87: 796-802.
•Cooper K McGee J O'D 1997. Human papillomavirus, integration and cervical carcinogenesis: a clinicopathological perspective. Journal of Clinical Pathology: Molecular Pathology 50: 1-3.
•Graham AK, Herrington CS, McGee J O'D 1991. Simultaneous in situ genotyping and phenotyping of human papillomavirus cervical lesions: comparative sensitivity and specificity. Journal of Clinical Pathology 44: 96-101.
•Jenkins D, Tay SK, McCance DJ et al 1986. Histological and immunocytochemical study of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) with associated HPV 6 and HPV 16 infections. Journal of Clinical Pathology 39: 1177-1180.
•Patel D, Shepherd PS, Naylor JA, McCance DJ 1989. Reactivities of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies raised to the major capsid protein of human papillomavirus type 16. Journal of Virology 70: 69-77.
Bibliografía
Manual of diagnostic antibodies for immunohistology / Anthony S.-Y. Leong, Kumarasen Cooper, F. Joel W.-M. Leong.
Accurate (polyclonal), American Research Products (1535-18, 1501-17, 1502-17, 1505-17), Biodesign, Biogenesis (H11B, 16L1, C1P5), Biogenex (CHO613), Cymbus Bioscience (BF7), Cymbus Bioscience/Pharmingen (CAM-VIR1), Dako (polyclonal to HPV 1), Novocastra (4C4/F10/H7/83, 5A3/C8) and Pharmingen (7H7, TVG401, TVG402)
Fixation/Preparation
Antibodies to HPV are applicable to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues and frozen cryostat sections.
Background
The most extensively studied area of HPV infection has been in epithelia of the anogenital tract, particularly the uterine cervix. Over 25 HPV genotypes have been isolated to date from the female genital tract. HPV genotypes have enabled specific types to be correlated with morphological lesions, e.g. HPV 6/11 is commonly associated with condylomata whilst HPV 16/18 are frequently associated with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and invasive squamous cell carcinoma (for review, see Cooper & McGee, 1997). It has recently been demonstrated that over 90% of cervical squamous cell carcinomas harbor a high-risk HPV (Bosch et al, 1995), the genome of which is usually integrated into the host DNA. Hence, in conjunction with epidemiological data showing that HPV infection and cervical squamous cell carcinoma share several risk factors, the association between high-risk HPV and cervical cancer is now firmly established. Although only a small proportion of high-grade CIN progress to invasive carcinoma, it is thought that HPV detection may assist in predicting the invasive potential of high grade CIN.
Applications
The detection of HPV in clinical samples depends on the demonstration of viral components within cells and tissues. This entails the detection of either protein or nucleic acid. Viral proteins may be visualized with immunohistochemical techniques using either polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies (Graham et al, 1991). Antibodies directed to viral proteins are dependent on the expression/synthesis of the latter by the virus, which is dependent on transcription/translation of the viral genome within the nucleus. Polyclonal antibodies raised to bovine papillomavirus capsid protein are applicable to HPV types in human biopsy specimens as they crossreact with several human subtypes (Jenkins et al, 1986). The synthesis of bacterial fusion proteins used as immunogens in mice has led to the generation of monoclonal antibodies to specific viral proteins to achieve viral specificity (Patel et al, 1989). The use of the HPV 16 L1 (capsid) protein has led to the production of several antibodies of varying specificity. The immunoreactivity of antibodies to HPV capsid protein is dependent on active viral replication which is closely correlated with keratin production. This therefore produces an intranuclear signal in the upper third of the squamous epithelia harboring the virus. Apart from the cervix, the use of antibodies to HPV is applicable to the vulva, penis, anus, oral cavity, larynx and esophagus.
Comments
With the advent of advanced in situ hybridization technology for the detection of HPV DNA, the demand for HPV immunohistochemistry has fallen. Non-isotope in situ hybridization techniques are easily accessible and readily applicable to the routine diagnostic histopathology laboratory. Squamous epithelia showing the typical morphological features of HPV infection are recommended for use as positive controls. Staining should be mainly intranuclear, with some perinuclear staining of koilocytes.
References
•Bosch FX, Manos MM, Munoz N et al 1995. Prevalence of HPV in cervical cancer: a worldwide perspective. Journal of the National Cancer Institutes 87: 796-802.
•Cooper K McGee J O'D 1997. Human papillomavirus, integration and cervical carcinogenesis: a clinicopathological perspective. Journal of Clinical Pathology: Molecular Pathology 50: 1-3.
•Graham AK, Herrington CS, McGee J O'D 1991. Simultaneous in situ genotyping and phenotyping of human papillomavirus cervical lesions: comparative sensitivity and specificity. Journal of Clinical Pathology 44: 96-101.
•Jenkins D, Tay SK, McCance DJ et al 1986. Histological and immunocytochemical study of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) with associated HPV 6 and HPV 16 infections. Journal of Clinical Pathology 39: 1177-1180.
•Patel D, Shepherd PS, Naylor JA, McCance DJ 1989. Reactivities of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies raised to the major capsid protein of human papillomavirus type 16. Journal of Virology 70: 69-77.
Bibliografía
Manual of diagnostic antibodies for immunohistology / Anthony S.-Y. Leong, Kumarasen Cooper, F. Joel W.-M. Leong.
